Physical characteristics of the pulling and stabilization arm in archers, examination of posture and injury risk

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics, posture, and musculoskeletal problems of the stabilization and pulling arms in archers. Thirteen licensed athletes aged 11– 18 years, each with at least two years of experience, were assessed for muscle shortness, flexibility, scapular dyskinesia, muscle strength, posture, and musculoskeletal complaints. Significant differences were found between the pulling and stabilization arms in shoulder flexion, abduction, adduction, elbow flexion, and various grip strengths (p<0.05), as well as in shoulder and hip anterior tilt (p<0.05). Musculoskeletal pain was most frequently reported in the back and lower back, followed by the knee and neck. These findings suggest that archers may develop postural alignment issues, particularly on the pulling arm side, and highlight the importance of archery-specific postural exercise programs for injury prevention.