Cistus salviifolius: Elucidation of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities for Potential Pharmacological Field

Abstract

The plants of the Cistus genus are interesting species in terms of their distribution profiles and biological/pharmacological activity potentials. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of ethanolic (Cs-EtOH) and aqueous (Cs-dH<inf>2</inf>O) extracts from C. salviifolius. Both extracts were rich in gallic acid, (+)-catechin and hyperoside. In the concentration range of 50-500 ?g/mL, the activity of the two extracts in the anti-inflammatory test was 24.34-83.54% and 19.86-69.34%, respectively. All doses of the Cs-dH<inf>2</inf> O showed high cell viability, and no cytotoxicity was observed. The Cs-EtOH showed higher antioxidant activity than Cs-dH<inf>2</inf> O in all test systems. Both extracts also exhibited promising enzyme inhibitory activities on a-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and a-glucosidase. C. salviifolius is considered an alternative reference source in industries such as medicine, food, and cosmetics. © 2024 by the authors.