Overview of Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Stability of Voltammetric Sensors

Abstract

Voltammetry represents a large family of electrochemical methods in which current is monitored at the interface between various electrodes and an electrolyte buffer as a function of the controlled potential applied between them. Quasi-equilibrium between various species in solution, their redox transitions, and transitions between electrodes are the control variables in voltammetric studies. Sensors are devices that measure physical quantities and convert them into signals for information extraction. Electrochemical sensors are more specific than other sensors. Voltammetric sensors are versatile electrochemical tools used to detect and analyze a variety of substances. These sensors offer high stability, selectivity, and sensitivity over a wide concentration range. Sensor capabilities were further improved by coating the electrode surface with various nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and composite materials. By coating the electrode surface with various nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and composite materials, the sensor capabilities were further improved. Research on electrochemical sensors continues to expand with advances in potentiometric, amperometric, and voltammetric sensors and electrochemical biosensors. These advances have led to sensors with impressive features such as high sensitivity, fast response times, and low detection limits in the nanomolar range. The versatility of voltammetric sensors allows their application in a variety of disciplines, including botany, chemistry, zoology, and soil science. In this review, studies conducted in the recent 5 years on the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of voltammetric sensors are discussed. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.