Effect of different post materials and designs on upper central tooth torque and intrusion load: A finite element analysis study

Abstract

Purposes > The aim of this study was to examine the effects of post material type and the presence of ferrules on the torque and intrusion load of the upper central tooth using finite element analysis. Methods > The upper central tooth and surrounding tissues (cortical bone, cancellous bone, and periodontal ligament) were modelled in three dimensions using the Spaceclaim software. Five simulated models (SM) different modifications were made to this main model: metal cast post (SM1) and glass fiber post-core with zirconium crown and without a ferrule (SM2), metal cast (SM3) post and glass fiber post with a ferrule and zirconium crown (SM4) and only zirconium crown (SM5). In all five simulations, in order to simulate lingual root torque movement, a total load of 40 grams was applied to the bracket slot as 20 grams of force couples and in order to simulate intrusion movement, a load of 40 grams was applied to the superior wall of the bracket slot. The stress caused by the applied loads on the root surfaces was determined using finite element analysis. Maximum principal stress (MPS) value was used in the comparison. Results > The highest root surface MPS values for both intrusion and torque loads belonged to SM2 (3.864 and 0.379 MPa, respectively). The presence of ferrules in both intrusion and torque loads reduced the stress by approximately half (from 3.864 to 2.004 MPa). In all five models, the radicular area with higher stress was located in the cervical third on the lingual surface when both torque and intrusion loads were applied. Conclusion > The amount and localization of stress was affected by the type of post material. The variation in stress values between the materials remains within a safe range (0.099 and 3.87 MPa), making both materials suitable for use under orthodontic forces.