Healing effect of homeopathic drug Theranekron in an alkaline-induced corneal injury model in rats

Abstract

Corneal injuries, particularly those caused by alkaline substances, are challenging to treat and can lead to severe complications such as inflammation, ulceration, and blindness. Current treatments, including lavage, antibiotics, and steroids, often fail to provide rapid or complete recovery. Theranekron, a homeopathic preparation derived from the venom of the Tarantula cubensis spider, has shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to investigate Theranekron's potential in treating corneal damage in a rat model. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: damage, damage + dexamethasone, damage + ocular Theranekron, and damage + subcutaneous Theranekron. Corneal damage was induced using silver/potassium nitrate sticks, and treatments were administered for seven days. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations were conducted to assess inflammation, neovascularization, and tissue repair. Rats treated with Theranekron (both ocular and subcutaneous) showed significant reductions in inflammation, edema, and neovascularization compared to the untreated and dexamethasone groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed lower expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, NF-kappa B-p65) and VEGF in Theranekron-treated groups. Theranekron exhibited significant potential in promoting corneal healing by reducing inflammation and inhibiting neovascularization. Its effectiveness exceeds dexamethasone's, making it a promising alternative for treating corneal injuries. Further research is needed to explore its application in human ocular medicine and to optimize dosing and administration methods.