An Electrochemical Strategy for Detection of Trace-Level Binapacryl Using Square-Wave Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

Binapacryl is a fungicide and miticide from the dinitrophenol group and is used to control fungi and mites in agricultural areas. Since even trace amounts of pesticides can be highly toxic to humans and the environment, accurate and sensitive analytical methods are needed for their determination. Therefore, the electrochemical behavior of binapacryl fungicide on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated using square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Some parameters such as accumulation potential, accumulation time, pulse amplitude, frequency, and step potential were optimized on GCE. From the plotted calibration graph, the linear operating range was found to be 0.16-6.20 mu M (0.06-2.0 mg/L), and accordingly the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the first and second peak were 0.060 mu M/0.201 mu M and 0.0627 mu M/0.209 mu M, respectively. The proposed method was applied for spiked tap water, apple juice and grape juice samples. An electroreduction mechanism has also been proposed for binapacryl with the participation of 2e-/2H+ via the nitro group of the molecule. Also, the selectivity of the method was demonstrated by investigating the interference effects of some pesticides on the determination of binapacryl. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used for binapacryl fungicide determination for the first time. The proposed sensor, which is selective, sensitive, and portable, was successfully applied to real samples for the analysis of binapacryl. image