Critical thoughts and insights on the female athlete triad: Precedents, existing challenges and prospects

Abstract

The female athlete triad (FAT) is a serious health-related problem that threatens women who exercise. This condition is an interrelated multifactorial syndrome that includes low energy availability, menstrual cycle disturbances and decreased bone mineral density. The study was aimed to outline the biological import of exercise in female athletes, in addition to the vital elements of the “Female Athlete Triad Syndrome” Articles from 1977 to present are reviewed the major components of the FAT and their relationships, as well as strategies for diagnosis and treatment. A qualitative review of the literature are performed and analyzed. The main goal in treatment of female athletes with the triad is a natural return of menses as well as enhancement of bone mineral density. Interrelationship between components of the FAT may result in clinical manifestations, including eating disorders, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. Clinical conditions are not exhibited simultaneously. Prevention is important to minimize complications. Female athlete triad is an interrelated, multifactorial syndrome comprised of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. It is a common entity among female athletes. Prevention, early detection, and early treatment are essential to maintain the athletes’ health into maturity and to prevent the serious consequences of this triad. Therefore, this additional research will aid in the development of educational curricula and protocols to address screening, prevention, and treatment of the triad. These resources and tools are necessary to protect the present and future health of the adolescent female athlete.