Visceral Adiposity Index, Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio, and Lipid Accumulation Product Index to Discriminate Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult Type 1 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are growing problems in type 1 diabetic patients; these can influence clinical complications and also treatment regimens. Visceral adipose tissue inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular complications. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product index (LAP), and triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio have been strongly correlated with insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue amount in previous studies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare the usefulness of these indices to detect MetS in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: Patients with T1DM and gender- and age-matched controls were included in this cross-sectional study. MetS was defined using both International Diabetes Federation (IDF), World Health Organization (WHO), and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. T1DM patients were divided into two groups according to the IDF criteria. VAI, LAP, and TG/HDL ratio were calculated for all patients. Groups were compared accordingly. Results: One hundred twenty-six patients with T1DM were included in the study. Increased VAI was observed in association with MetS. Patients with MetS (32.2%) had the highest VAI than healthy controls (8.21 ± 8.86; 3.49 ± 2.73, respectively, P < 0.01). For determining MetS in type 1 diabetes, the cutoff value of VAI was 2.65 [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.837, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 72.8%], LAP was 27.57 (AUC = 0.842, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity74.0%), TG/HDL ratio was 2.18 (AUC = 0.826, sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 74.0%), each P < 0.001. Conclusions: MetS becomes increasingly common in T1DM. VAI, LAP, and TG/HDL ratio were useful for predicting MetS in patients with T1DM.