Glandular trichome structures and chemical composition of the volatiles of five Ribes species from Turkey

Abstract

Currant and gooseberry, the genus Ribes, is represented by eight species in the Flora of Turkey. We examined structures of glandular trichomes and composition of the essential oils from leaves of five Ribes species. The glandular trichomes were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The glandular hairs with multicellular stalk and usually multicellular head were observed in these species. The leaf volatiles of Ribes species obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC-FID (gas chromatography - flame ionization detector) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The main constituent of Ribes orientale, Ribes alpinum, Ribes petraeum and Ribes rubrum oils was 1-octen-3-ol (28.1%, 19.7%, 13.3%, and 9.4%, respectively). Hexadecanoic acid (13.8% and 11.9%) was detected in R. petraeum and R. multiflorum as major component, respectively. (Z)-3-hexenal (11.7%) was found in R. rubrum oil as the major constituent.